Tuesday, June 16, 2026

Maurice Duruflé’s 40th Anniversary

Today is the 40th anniversary of the death of the French composer, organist and teacher Maurice Gustave Duruflé (1902-86). He was born in a small town in Normandy, and attended the cathedral school at Rouen from age 10 to 16; In 1919, right after the end of World War I, he moved to Paris, and took lessons with the famous organist Charles Tournemire. The following year, he began studying at one of the most prestigious music schools in Europe, the Conservatoire de Paris; later on, in 1943, he was hired by this school, and taught there until 1970. In 1927, the organist of Notre-Dame, Louis Vierne, took him on as his assistant; the two became good friends, and ten years later, Duruflé was at Vierne’s side when the latter died suddenly in the middle of a recital. From 1929 until his death, he was the organist at the Parisian church of St-Étienne-du-Mont, although in the last eleven years of his life, after being seriously injured in a car crash, he was almost entirely unable to perform.

A photo of Duruflé taken in 1939.
His best known work is a Requiem (Opus 9) for choir, two soloists, orchestra, and organ, first published in 1947. Duruflé was a perfectionist who frequently revised his own composition, and this piece is therefore known in three versions, one for symphony orchestra, one for chamber orchestra, and one with organ. (One of his Masses was similarly revised and published in three different versions.) The Dies Irae is reduced to just the last two lines (Pie Jesu Domine, dona eis requiem), but the Libera me and In paradisum are both included.

Friday, July 30, 2021

Reconstructing the Oldest Pipe-Organ in the World

Via Aleteia, here’s another very interesting thing on the musical front. At the beginning of the 20th-century, archeologists working at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem discovered a set of organ pipes and a bell carillion. They have since been kept at the Holy Land Musuem run by the Franciscan custody. According to the musicologist who is working on them, Dr David Catalunya, they had been brought to the Holy Land by the crusaders in the early 12th century, and then hidden for safe-keeping during a Muslim invasion. They are in a very good state of preservation; Dr Catalunya is now engaged in a five-year long project to rebuild the organ in such a way that it will be playable again.

The next oldest playable organ is more than 300 years younger, an instrument in the church of Notre-Dame de Valère in Sion, Switzerland, which has 12 of its original pipes.

Sunday, June 07, 2020

How Do I Get From the Piano to the Organ?

Dr. Crista Miller tackles this question in the latest bonus episode of Square Notes. After discussing some basic differences in finger technique between the two instruments, she talks about pedaling, registration, and good repertoire for the pianist learning the organ.

For those pianists interested in learning to play the organ, check out Dr. Miller’s class that she’ll be teaching online August 3 to 7 through St. Joseph’s Seminary. 

And if you’re looking for a short list of books that would be helpful in the transition, check out the one she’s provided here.


You can catch us on our website, YouTube, iTunes, Stitcher, or your favorite podcast app. Please note that we have discontinued publishing on SoundCloud.

Tuesday, April 07, 2020

The Organs at Notre Dame: An Update Almost One Year After the Fire

The latest episode of Square Notes: The Sacred Music Podcast has just been released.

Our guest for this episode is the fantastic titular organist of Notre Dame, Olivier Latry, who gives us an assessment of the damage and what to look for in the road ahead. He also discusses the development of the instrument and its role in the sacred liturgy, and the development of the organ repertoire.

For more information about Olivier Latry, please click here: www.concertorganists.com/artists/Olivier-Latry/.

For more information about the Introduction to the Organ for Pianists class this summer at St. Joseph’s Seminary, click here: www.dunwoodie.edu/dunwoodie-music-classes.



You can catch us on our website, YouTube, iTunes, Stitcher, or your favorite podcast app. Please note that we have discontinued publishing on SoundCloud.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

“An Incredible Organ for an Incredible Church”

NLM received the following contribution from the St. Francis de Sales Oratory in St. Louis.

An Incredible Organ for an Incredible Church
Steven Ball
Recently, St. Francis de Sales Oratory, an apostolate of the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest, with the blessing of the Archbishop of St. Louis, was pleased to announce the signing of the contract for Karl Wilhelm Opus 123, a three-manual and pedal, 58-rank freestanding mechanical action organ.

This is the third instrument to be installed in this remarkable and often photographed structure. St. Francis de Sales is the largest Gothic Revival building in the city of St. Louis and was recently named most beautiful church in the nation according to a recent online poll conducted by "Art & Liturgy". Having the 6th tallest church spire in the country, it is also the largest church structure on Historic Route 66--quite a unique set of distinctions for a church already known to readers of NLM as being the exclusive home for the Extraordinary Form of the Mass and an important hub for Institute activities in the Midwest.

The Wilhelm organ replaces a III/22 rank Wicks organ from 1924. The Wicks organ had been in failing health for some years and had experienced several alterations, including removal of some of the original pipework. It was itself a replacement of the original  II/15 organ by J. G. Pheffer & Sons from 1897 which had been relocated to St. Mary's Church in Altus, AK, where it is still preserved today.

Director of Sacred Music Steven Ball, an experienced organ consultant, led the search for the right instrument throughout North America and Europe. After studying dozens of possible transplant organs , four were selected as finalists. Several considerations led the investigation in the direction of the Wilhelm instrument, including the exquisite detail of the casework, extremely traditional methods of construction and voicing, and the overall tonal design which hearkens back to the original German ancestry of the parish. The instrument is well suited, in particular, for Baroque music, the accurate performance of which is central to the musical needs of the Oratory.

The fact that master organ builder Karl Wilhelm agreed to come out of retirement to personally oversee the installation and voicing of this instrument as his last major project played a tremendously important role in the organ’s selection. Raised in Weikersheim, Germany, he apprenticed with August Laukhuff of Weikersheim, Germany, and with W.  E. Renkeutz of Nehren bei Tübingen, Germany. After briefly working with Metzler & Söhne of Dietikon, Switzerland, and later with North America’s oldest organ-building firm, Casavant Frères of St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, he founded Karl Wilhelm, Inc. of St. Hyacinthe. In 1966 he relocated the firm to Mont St.-Hilaire, Quebec, where the shop remained active building organs until the early 2000s. The firm has built hundreds of organs, not only across the United States, but also in Europe and Asia.

On a technical level, the new instrument of 58 ranks is considerably larger than either of the previous organs and of a very different tonal and mechanical design. Drawing on influences from both the German and French schools, the instrument has a specification described by Mr. Wilhelm as “classical” and is one of his largest organs. Using a suspended mechanical key action, the solid white oak cases house a carefully engineered system which is both elegant and rugged. Windchests are constructed of mahogany and the interior is designed to be easily accessible for maintenance. Stop actions are also completely mechanical.

At this point in the construction process, the casework is largely assembled, the action installed, the winding finished, and some of the first of the 2,670 pipes have been installed—including those that make up the highly polished tin facade. Many more months of work are anticipated for the careful tonal finishing of the organ for the famously magical acoustics of the Oratory.

In June 2019, the Oratory launched a fundraising effort for $400,000. In addition to the actual purchase of the instrument, there are further costs to correct substantial existing problems with the infrastructure. This fundraising effort includes the necessary updates to the electrical and lighting in the gallery, restoration and extensive repairs to the original 1908 choir loft floor, and other improvements to the existing infrastructure which the removal of the existing organ will make possible.

For supporters of the traditional liturgy, this is a very special and highly visible opportunity to place an extraordinary piece of art directly at the service of one of our nation’s most important centers of liturgical culture. Already the instrument has drawn extraordinary regional interest and attention to the liturgical and musical life of the Oratory.

A healthy portion of the resources needed to complete the project have been secured, but more will be necessary for its completion.  Interested readers hoping for an opportunity to evangelize through beauty may check in for regular updates concerning this unique project at traditionfortomorrow.org and desalesheritagefoundation.org.

Wednesday, December 16, 2015

New Organ Recording: Influences, by Jonathan Ryan

This article by Janet Gorbitz is cross-posted from The Chant Café.

CMAA Board Member and Colloquium Faculty member Jonathan Ryan announces the release of a new solo organ recording available now!

Recorded on a specifically chosen European pipe organ famous for its brilliant fusion of German, French, and English Romantic styles, the repertoire centers around music with significant influences from another style or nationality, and which additionally makes strong connections between North America and Europe.

Included are major works by Healey Willan and Marcel Dupre: the German-inspired Introduction, Passacaglia, and Fugue, Op. 149 and Gregorian-chant based Symphonie-Passion, Op. 23 respectively.

Also featured is a commissioned piece by renowned English composer Philip Moore, and the recording premiere of Ride in a High Speed Train by contemporary Dutch composer Ad Wammes.

Colloquium attendees heard two of these works in Jonathan’s 2015 Colloquium recital at St. Paul Cathedral in Pittsburgh, PA.

For more information about purchasing, visit Jonathan’s website.

In addition, a special Recording Release and CD Signing Reception is to be held Tuesday, December 22, 2015 at 7:30 pm at Christ Church (Episcopal) in Greenwich, CT. Special guest, renowned English composer Philip Moore: Featuring the premiere performance of his commissioned piece. (map).

Thursday, November 12, 2015

Organ Accompaniments to Fr. Weber’s Proper of the Mass Now Available

For those who are devotees of Gregorian chant and especially vernacular adaptations of it, surely Fr. Samuel F. Weber’s Proper of the Mass needs no introduction. (But just in case you haven’t heard about it, here is my review of it.)

When the book first appeared, naturally questions arose: Will organ accompaniments for the chants be provided? Will there be choral verses? Will there be a modern-notation version of the chants?

I am happy to say that Fr. Weber, in collaboration with Ignatius Press, has been making available, for free, organ accompaniments and choral doxologies and verses at his own website. You can find there, for instance, scores to cover the entirety of the Advent season, and more will be posted at regular intervals. (To peruse a wider selection of scores, drop the keyword “organpropers”and simply explore the site. It’s a treasure trove!)

Fr. Weber also informed me that he is working on the English Propers for Christ the King right now and that they will soon be posted.

Tuesday, October 27, 2015

All Saints’ Day Concert Featuring Rare Organ Program in

On November 1, at 6:00 pm organist Richard Spotts will appear at the Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul in Lewiston, Maine, to perform excerpts from the seminal work L’Orgue Mystique, by French composer Charles Tournemire (1870-1939). He will be joined by the Saints Peter and Paul Schola Cantorum.

The concert, a musical Pilgrim’s Progress, will depict the life of a saint. Themes of divine love, redemption, grace, transformation, and rejoicing will be presented through the sounds of the Basilica’s magnificent Casavant organ, the largest church organ in the state of Maine.


L’Orgue Mystique, considered to be Tournemire’s magnum opus, was written over a 5 year period beginning in 1927. It consists of 253 movements and represents the fifty-one Sundays and feasts of the Roman Catholic liturgical year. Based on over 300 Gregorian chants, the piece is considered a pivotal movement in the history of organ music, bringing the ancient instrument’s sound into modernity. Unfortunately, because the work was written during the chaotic period following the devastation of World War I, followed by the Great Depression and World War II, this magnificent piece has been forgotten.

Acclaimed organist Richard Spotts, a native of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and a graduate of Westminster Choir College in Princeton, has performed excerpts from L'Orgue Mystique​ throughout the United States and Canada. He is currently writing a book on the subject.

 The concert is free and open to the public; it will begin at 6:00 p.m.

Fr Kyle Doustou, a priest of the diocese of Portland who sent us this information, writes: “Additionally I would like to note that the Basilica of Sts. Peter and Paul (pictured below) is really an epicenter in the Diocese of Portland, Maine for the dignified celebration of the Liturgy. In addition to Mass in the Extraordinary Form, which is offered every Sunday and Holy Day, the Basilica boasts of beautiful and reverent liturgies celebrated in Latin, English, French, and Spanish on a weekly basis, all of which are celebrated in the spirit of the new liturgical movement. The principal Mass on Sundays - which is the Usus Recentior celebrated in English and Latin - draws hundreds of people from around the state, including many young families.”




Monday, September 15, 2008

JT on: James Goettsche in concert

From the website of St. Mathews Cathedral, Washington, D.C.:

Maestro James Goettsche, organist of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, will add to our St. Matthew’s Feast Day celebrations by playing a recital in the Cathedral on Sunday, September 21, at 3pm. The recital is free and open to all. Mr. Goettsche will be playing works of Bach, Mendelssohn, Gigout, Franck and Vierne in this one-hour concert of favorites and surprises. Donations to help defray the costs will be accepted at the recital or at any time in advance. Even though the organ has not yet been completed as designed, it is considered by professional organists to be one of the best sounding instruments in the country. You know it in its wonderful liturgical use; come and enjoy it in a concert setting.

Friday, September 12, 2008

Jeffrey Tucker on: The organ and its spectacular history

The Spectator runs a wonderful piece about the rise and fall of the organ as a cultural icon in the United States. Some interesting tidbits:


  • ‘As in England, in America the organ is King,’ wrote the French organ-composer Louis Vierne in 1927, following a phenomenally successful three-month tour of America and Canada. His 50 recitals had drawn in around 70,000 obsessed fans, including some 6,000 at the Wanamaker’s department store in Philadelphia alone, home to the world’s largest organ.

  • At the early World Fairs organs became the centrepiece exhibits. Their unveiling was always the cultural apex of the jamboree, akin to the start of the 100-metre race at an Olympics. And audiences thronged to hear these hulking, ever-expanding behemoths, often paying triple the entrance fee for the privilege.

  • It was no coincidence that Leon Czolgosz, a young Polish anarchist, chose to shoot President William McKinley dead with two rounds of his pistol at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, while McKinley was attending the opening organ recital. It was the biggest audience that Czolgosz would get.

  • Over 7,000 people turned up each day for the week-long sojourns by Camille Saints-Saens and Anton Bruckner at the Royal Albert Hall in 1871.

  • Some 10,000 turned up at the San Francisco municipal organ recital in 1917; 30,000 at the one at St Paul, Minnesota; and 20,000 at Cleveland, where the police ‘soon gave up in despair as an eager mob swept all before it’.


The article points out that the organ boom became a massive bust, as the massive instruments were left for dead. However: "Today, the concert hall organ is slowly creeping back. The 1980s and 1990s saw abandoned instruments brought back to life, and the tradition of transcribing was renewed."

The article doesn't address what happened to the organ at Mass. We all have our own private theories. Of course the liturgical shift of the 1960s and 1970s called for different instruments. Today the organ is mostly used in the worst way: rather than the solo instrument it should be, it is used as a "support" to congregational singing, which I personally seriously doubt it provides; quite the contrary, it can actually displace singing if played monotonously and ham-handedly. People do not actually learn to sing if the organ never goes away.

Michael Lawrence has often written that the future of the organ is indeed primarily as a solo instrument, and I agree.

But of course that requires competent players, not minimally trained pianists hacking around but rather real organists. There will certainly be some economic shifting around required before the Catholic Church begins to seriously pay organists they way they should. Once that happens, we will see more students entering the field.

In the end, it remains the most liturgical of all instruments. The associations with Church remain. It is the most voice-like. The repertoire is all there. Nothing compares to an organ well played at Mass. It has a future.

Benedict XVI said it best in 2006:

"The organ has always been considered, and rightly so, the king of musical instruments, because it takes up all the sounds of creation...and gives resonance to the fullness of human sentiments, from joy to sadness, from praise to lamentation. By transcending the merely human sphere, as all music of quality does, it evokes the divine. The organ’s great range of timbre, from piano through to a thundering fortissimo, makes it an instrument superior to all others. It is capable of echoing and expressing all the experiences of human life. The manifold possibilities of the organ in some way remind us of the immensity and the magnificence of God."

Tuesday, August 19, 2008

Jeffrey Tucker on: The voice of the organ alone

Before the Choral Evensong service at the Byrd Festival, we were treated to a revealing and powerful organ concert by Mark Williams of London, at Trinity Episcopal Cathedral.

The title of the concert: “From Byrd to Bach,” and it included selections from Cabezon, Byrd, Titelouze, Sweelinck, Scheidt, Rossi, Bruhns, Couperin, and the concert ended with Bach’s D major Prelude and Fugue.

At the organ concerts I’ve been to in the last years, there was much in the way of explanation, announcement, and commentary by the organist. All of this is very enjoyable, but this concert was completely different, and it gives us a reason to reflect on the different modes of communication and what they mean.

The concert was set to start at 4:15pm. People began to arrive at 3:45, and there was much milling around, with people still arriving just on time. At the appointed time, the organ just began without announcement. There was no introduction, no grand bow of welcome, no demand that we turn off our cellphones, or anything else. There was nothing to see other than the pipes, because the organist was hidden.

As the music started, you could see that people were just a bit confused as to whether it had indeed begun. But after a few minutes, people settled in and they listened very carefully. The organist let the music call the people to order and narrate the event.

The selections sampled a range of stops, tempos, and styles—as if to show us what had led to Bach and why it matters. No one could possibly doubt after this demonstration the merit of this early organ work or why the organ has been given such a privileged place in liturgy.

Mercifully, there was no applause between pieces. The whole focus was on the music. The splendor of the pieces built and built, and the tension grew and grew to the point of astonishment, until the last notes of the Bach selection 45 minutes after the concert began. Then people in the audience burst into applause with genuine love, appreciation, and respect. Mr. Williams, now clearly established an amazing talent, rose from the bench, walked from behind the sanctuary that hid him, and humbly bowed and walked off.

Here is a model of concertizing that other organists might consider. Actually, it seems that a great model generally. The complete absence of any discussion or explanation led the listener into a different realm of understanding, away from the words of casual conversation and into a higher sense of letting the notes and music speak for themselves.

Now, I'm not somehow against narrated concerts. I like the idea of communicating with people and anything that helps people more fully appreciate music is great by me. So there is no "snob appeal" to me for not having announcements, jokes to put people at ease, and the like.

And yet now I see that there is a point to completely eliminating verbal communication and verbal audience engagement. Without words, we are compelled to make sense of what is happening on its own terms—not merely rely on conventional modes of cognition to be led to a higher means of comprehension. I believe that this is what happened at this concert.

There is a lesson here for liturgy. Sometimes we believe that when people come to Mass, they should be greeted by the celebrant and urged to greet each other. We give them a song to sing that we call (with no basis in history) the "gathering song." The idea is to put people at ease, make people happy to be there, and help people feel at home.

The problem with this approach is that it doesn't ask anything of our hearts and our higher sense. If we let the Mass be the Mass, on the other hand, we see that it also begins with a slight "discomfort." We fall on our knees and we pray. The introit begins, and the purpose has nothing to do with greeting each other. It is the beginning of a procession to the risen Lord. We are drawn, almost against the will of our lower sense that drives our everyday lives, into a higher spiritual mindset that prepares us for contemplating mysteries that are not part of our everyday life.

There is great wisdom in this tradition. Let's face the truth that sometimes we really don't want to be at Mass. There are other things we would rather do during this time. We are thinking about all our troubles at home and work or wondering about mundane issues that consume us day to day. We aren't really prepared. A zippy bouncing processional hymn plus a greeting is a way of saying: don't worry about it, just be yourself!

In fact, that is precisely what we do not want to be. Mass needs to convert us and change us. It should take us away from the mundane, away from our selfish desires, and show us the divine. When we arrive at Mass and don't really want to be there, we need the environment and the music to compel us into thinking differently and praying. This does indeed produce something uncomfortable, as we leave the passage of time and enter into the eternal realm. Then we truly do leave renewed.

This concert took something of the same approach. I'm grateful to Mark Williams for showing how the middle voice between temporality and eternity can be heard in the music alone, provided we let it speak uninterrupted.

Tuesday, July 15, 2008

JT on: If you love organ...

This looks like an ideal vacation. The state of Oaxaca, Mexico, houses one of the world's great treasures of historic pipe organs. El Instituto de Órganos Históricos de Oaxaca hosts an annual festival to hear these amazing instruments and discover the repertoire that made them famous and central to the life of the Church in Mexico.

The 2009 conference occurs February 18-25, and it will feature not only lectures and concerts but visits to seven unrestored instruments. This year will also feature examinations of several treasures of Dominican chant and polyphonic books.

This unique event should appeal not only to organ and early music aficionados, but also to those interested in Oaxacan folk art, churches, history, cuisine, village culture, and ecology. A fee schedule will be sent out in about a month, but in the meantime we encourage you to set aside the dates. If you think you will be able to attend the festival, please let us know now (even if your plans change later), as it will help us with the planning. We look forward to seeing you in Oaxaca in February, one of the loveliest times of the year, for this unique cultural adventure.


Here is the contact page.

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