Blast from the Past: The 50th Anniversary of Cardinal Villot’s Letter to Cardinal Siri on Sacred Music

The choice before us

Those who specialize in liturgy will often find themselves picking up a doorstopper of a book called Documents on the Liturgy 1963-1979. If you ever want to know what bureaucracy and overly enthusiastic reformism looks like, make sure you weight-lift this 1,500-page tome and flip through its contents: it is probably the best way to get a vicarious sense of how much was being constantly put up for discussion, questioned, changed, and changed again in the period of years covered in the book.

That is all by way of preface. I happened to notice the other day a letter written by the then-Secretary of State, Cardinal J. Villot, to Cardinal G. Siri of Genoa, on the occasion of a national meeting on sacred music in Genoa, Italy, 26-30 September 1973... exactly 50 years ago.

Let’s have a look at what this letter (DOL n. 521, pp. 1325-26) was saying, and how infinitely remote it was from the conditions on the ground, at that time or for many decades to come.

We must avoid and bar from liturgical celebrations profane types of music, particularly singing with a style so agitated, intrusive, and raucous that it would disturb the serenity of the service and would be incompatible with its spiritual, sanctifying purposes. A broad field is thus opened for pastoral initiative, the effort, namely, of leading the faithful to participate with voice and song in the rites, while at the same time protecting these rites from the invasion of noise, poor taste, and desacralization. Instead there must be encouragement of the kind of sacred music that helps to raise the mind to God and that through the devout singing of God’s praises helps to provide a foretaste of the liturgy of heaven.
          Pope Paul VI therefore invites all composers of sacred music to devote themselves completely to supplying music for the Church’s liturgy that is truly alive and contemporary, yet without disregarding the ancient heritage, as a source of inspiration, enlightenment, and direction. The liturgical reform still in progress offers to composers “an opportunity to test their own abilities, their inventiveness, their pastoral zeal” (Address to Cecilians, 24 September 1972); the reform initiates “a new epoch for sacred music” (General Audience, 22 August 1973). The Church awaits a new springtime in the art of sacred music that will also interpret the ritual texts in their vernacular versions.
          It remains Pope Paul’s firm expectation that Gregorian chant will be preserved and performed in monasteries, religious houses, and seminaries as a privileged form of sung prayer and as an element of the highest cultural and instructional value. He notes the many requests worldwide to preserve the Latin, Gregorian singing of the Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Pater Noster, and Agnus Dei. The Pope again recommends, therefore, that every appropriate measure be taken to transform this desire into fact and that these ancient melodies be treasured as the voice of the universal Church and continue to be sung as expressions and demonstrations of the unity existing throughout the ecclesial community.

Fine sentiments, dashed hopes, empty encouragements, and a wasteland instead of a new springtime. This is the legacy of Paul VI.

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Liturgical Continuity in Liguria - Pontifical Mass in Roverano

Liguria, the coastal region of north-western Italy with its capital Genoa, under the beneficial influence of that city's great Archbishop, Cardinal Giuseppe Siri, has in large parts preserved a spirit of continuity even while implementing the postconciliar liturgical reforms. In this spirit it is now also among the areas where the implementation of Summorum Pontificum is making its greatest advances, as we have seen, e.g., in the diocese of Albenga-Imperia. In this context, here are some pictures I have come across of a Pontifical Mass in the Ordinary Form recently celebrated by H.E. Msgr. Francesco Moraglia, Bishop of La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato, at the Marian Shrine of Roverano, in the province of La Spezia, the easternmost part of Liguria. Note that Mass is celebrated ad orientem on the original high altar, and that the Bishop is wearing a pontifical dalmatic as well as episcopal gloves (chirothecæ), two items of traditional liturgical vesture still permitted in the Ordinary Form, but today unfortunately mostly omitted.

The "Benedictine" Altar Arrangement and Cardinal Siri

You will often find supporters of the New Liturgical Movement have a special veneration for the late Archbishop of Genoa, Giuseppe Cardinal Siri, and belonging to the "school of Siri", like the papal MC Msgr Guido Marini, is widely seen as a guarantee of liturgical sense. An example of why this is so is the decree on the "Cult of the Eucharist and the Altars" which Cardinal Siri issued in 1974, in a time when in many places the "hermeneutic of rupture" held sway. The Italian blog Cordialiter offers us some excerpts of this decree, which deal with the altar arrangement and effectively recommend what we have come to call the "Benedictine" altar arrangement. They also prescribe Communion kneeling (keep in mind that Communion in the hand was not allowed then, and was therefore not addressed in this decree), another traditional practice promoted by the Restoration of the Sacred initiated by Pope Benedict. Here is an NLM translation of these excerpts of the decree:

Versus populum altars shall always have, also at times when no liturgical functions take place, candlesticks (not less than two or four, better yet six) [...] It is in fact the candlesticks which distinguish the Catholic altar from the non-Catholic altar and that is of utmost importance. [...]

It is recommended, even if the law permits greater freedom, to maintain the use of the Crucifix upon the altar in the middle, in such a manner that the celebrant and the people have always a visual reminder that upon that altar the renewal of the Sacrifice of the Cross itself is celebrated. [...]

Between the two forms allowed by general law to approach Holy Communion, the one which is more accordant with the mentality of our population is that of kneeling down. It is prescribed therefore to distribute Holy Communion to the faithful kneeling. Communion standing is not admitted in the Archdiocese. In case faithful present themselves who are accustomed to another ceremonial, they are to be inivited politely but firmly to conform to the diocesan regulations.